Analysis of the causes of wear of working bushings when pressing copper alloy pipes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37142/2076-2151/2025-1(54)218Keywords:
press tool, surfacing, alternating loads, tool wear.Abstract
Grin O., Zharikov S. Analysis of the causes of wear of working bushings when pressing copper alloy pipes
Analysis of literature data showed that the press tool, including the working bushings of containers, are subject to intensive wear. The bushing operates at high pressures, cyclic alternating loads, intense friction, high temperatures and sharp temperature changes, which cause significant unevenness of temperature fields. In the pressing cycle, individual sections of the tool are heated to temperatures close to the ingot temperature (970 ± 20 ºС), and then cooled. The main reasons for their failure are: abrasion wear, the formation of a network of spreading cracks and deformation of the working surface of the bushing, adhesion of the deformable metal. It was established that the amount of wear increases as the tool works and is characterized by three periods: fast - at the beginning of operation (up to 10...15 % of resistance), slow - at the middle stage (65...70 % of resistance) and accelerated - at the final stage of operation until the tool fails. The results of metallographic studies of layer-by-layer surfacing are presented: the upper layer of which consists of martensite, trostite and carbides, which corresponds to a high specific load, exhibits physicochemical passivity in relation to the metal being processed, the intermediate layer - trostite in the heat-affected zone, provides an adhesive bond between the upper and lower layers of the surfacing metal, the lower layer consists of sorbite and ensures compatibility with the base metal of the sleeve. Providing the necessary properties and layer thickness depending on its functional purpose, it is possible to more effectively vary the properties of surfacing as a whole. It is noted that when designing a multilayer coating, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the pressing process, which determines the nature of tool wear and destruction of the coating in its contact areas. The main requirements for the surfacing metal for a hot deformation press tool are formulated.
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